Cities, towns can take steps to mitigate losses from flooding

In recent years, Massachusetts has experienced an increase in flooding events due to a rise in extreme storms as well as rising tides and groundwater levels. Many of these incidents have led to significant damage to municipal buildings and infrastructure, resulting in substantial financial burdens on local governments.

Here are just a few examples: When several western Massachusetts towns were inundated with heavy rain during the summer of 2023, one small town faced more than $2.5 million in damage repairs, according to a report from public radio station WCAI. On Sept. 11, 2023, more than 9 inches of rain fell in the central Massachusetts city of Leominster, where the mayor said the city suffered at least $30 million in public property damage from the storm. A nor’ easter in 2018 pushed seawater under a middle school in Quincy, forcing $3.5 million in emergency repairs.

Severe weather events like these are on the rise. In June 2023, First Street Technology’s precipitation model found that, for Boston, what was previously considered a one-in-100-year event is now more accurately characterized as a one-in-37 year event, representing a 170% increase in risk. Over the next 30 years, this risk is projected to increase further, to a one-in-33-year event.

Stephen Batchelder, MIIA’s vice president for Claims Operations and Risk Management, said he’s impressed with several municipalities that, when examining their flooding risk, are looking beyond buildings in designated flood zones. For example, he said, tabletop exercises are looking at pre-positioning critical equipment — such as emergency and public works vehicles — to higher ground before a storm hits.

“Just this one step can help ensure that vital equipment is unharmed and available when needed, reducing risk and the cost of replacements,” he said.

Mitigating flood risks
Several state and federal agencies, as well as insurance industry organizations, offer best practices to help lessen the likelihood of costly damage resulting from floods. The following are some recommendations:
• Conduct comprehensive risk assessments: Evaluate all public buildings to identify vulnerabilities to flooding. This process includes analyzing proximity to floodplains, assessing building elevations, reviewing historical flood data, and considering the impact of groundwater surges. Conducting hydrological and infrastructure assessments can also provide valuable insights into high-risk areas and potential mitigation strategies.

• Implement flood-resistant building practices: Upgrading municipal buildings with flood-resistant materials and designs can significantly reduce damage. This may involve elevating electrical and mechanical systems above potential flood levels, installing backflow prevention valves to stop sewer backups, and using water-resistant building materials such as reinforced concrete and pressure-treated wood. Dry floodproofing measures, such as sealing walls and using waterproof coatings, can also help keep floodwater out.

• Create or refine floodplain management strategies: The Massachusetts Flood Hazard Management Program offers guidance on best practices, including zoning regulations, land-use policies, and building code requirements, to reduce flood risks. Implementing stricter building codes in flood-prone areas and encouraging green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and permeable pavements, can improve resilience.

• Invest in stormwater management systems: With the increase in heavy rainfall events, stormwater management is a crucial component of flood preparedness. It’s a best practice to ensure that storm drains, culverts, and retention basins are adequately maintained and upgraded to handle increased water flow. Green stormwater infrastructure, such as bioswales and constructed wetlands, can enhance absorption and reduce surface runoff. Additionally, integrating smart water management technology, such as real-time flood monitoring systems, can improve emergency response capabilities.

• Secure appropriate flood insurance coverage: Ensure that all public buildings and critical infrastructure are adequately insured against flood damage. Some insurance policies exclude coverage for flood damage and/or damage from floods within certain floodplain zones. Municipalities should also explore additional coverage options, such as business interruption insurance, to mitigate financial losses from facility closures. Regular policy reviews and updates are necessary to ensure adequate coverage due to changing flood risks.

• Engage in community education and collaboration: Flood preparedness extends beyond municipal buildings. It is recommended to engage with residents, businesses, and local organizations on flood risk awareness programs. Conducting public workshops, developing emergency response plans, and fostering regional cooperation with neighboring municipalities can strengthen overall resilience.

These measures can help municipal leaders significantly reduce the risk of flood damage to public facilities, thereby minimizing insurance claims and preserving public funds. Prioritizing flood preparedness is not just a matter of infrastructure protection, but also a critical component of fiscal responsibility and public safety.

Written by Joyce McMahon